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Ben Ali's "New Tunisia" (1987 - 2009) : a case study of authoritarian modernization in the Arab world / Steffen Erdle. Berlin : Schwarz, 2010
Inhalt
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Vorderdeckel
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Titelblatt
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Widmung
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7
Table of Contents.
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11
Acknowledgements.
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13
I. Introduction
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55
II. The First Republic, 1956 - 1987: Evolution And Crisis Of An Authoritarian Regime
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55
1. Tunisia at th Crossroads: The Moment of Independence
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61
2. The Political Evolution of the Bourguibist Republic
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61
A) First Phase, 1956 - 1960: Landmark Choices
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69
B) Second Phase, 1961 - 1969: Collectivist Experiment
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76
C) Third Phase, 1970 - 1980: The Infitâh Period
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85
D) Fourth Phase, 1981- 1987: Fire Fighting
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87
3. The Root Causes of the System Crisis
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94
III. The Second Republic, 1987 - 2009: Redefinition And Change Of An Authoritarian Regime
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94
1. The 'Velvet Revolution' of 7 November: Back to the Future?
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97
2. The Three Phases of Ben Ali's ' New Regime'
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97
A) The First Phase, 1987 - 1989: The 'Tunisian Spring '
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104
B) The Second Phase, 1990 - 1995: The Autoritarian Turnaround
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117
C) The Third Phase, 1996 - 2009: Authoritarian Reconfiguration
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135
3. Ben Al's 'New Era': 'Old Wine in New Bottles'?
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139
IV. The New Ruling Elites: The Technocrazation And Makhzenization of Power
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139
1. The Presidency: The Power Station of the 'System Ben Ali'
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149
2. The State Bureaucracy: Implementing Policy
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157
3. The Destour: Communicating Policy
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164
4. The Parliament: Simulating Democracy
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170
5. The Judiciary: Upholding Legality
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172
6. Ben Ali's 'New regime': Techno-bureaucratic Gouvernance, Neopatrimonial Rule
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186
V. Economic Intermediary Elites: The Reconfiguration Of The Old Ruling Coalition
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186
1. The Public Sector: From Regulator to Facilitator
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196
2. The Private Sector: From Client to Patron
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203
3. The Employers' Organizations: From Transmission Belt to Driving Force
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208
4. The Labor Unions: From Counter-Weight to Mouthpiece
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216
5. The Professional Associations: Influence beyond Politics
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217
6. The Reconstitution of the Ruling Coalition: From 'State to Market', from 'Plan to Plan'
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230
VI. Political Contesting Elites: The Unraveling Of The Anti-Bourguibist Opposition Movement
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230
1. Political Opposition Parties: 'Divided they fall'
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250
2. Civil Society Organizations: 'Walking the Line'
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259
3. Political Micro-Entrepreneurs:'Occupying the Niche'
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265
4. Tunisian Conteting Elites: Disintegration from Within, Deconstruction from Above
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277
VII. The Re-Invention Of Authoritarism: From Single Party Rule To 'Guided Democracy'
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277
1. La 'Tunisianité: Ex Oriente or Ex Occidente Lux?
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281
2. The 'Politics of Culture': Change and Continuity
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287
3. The 'Republic of Tomorrow': Change and Continuity
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295
4. The Institutionalization of Political Pluralism
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300
5. The Neutralization of the Public Arena
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305
6. The Establishment of a Police State
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308
7. 'Democracy à la Tunisienne': Representation without Competition
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323
VIII. The Political Economy Of The 'New Era': From The Direct Regulation To Indirect Control
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323
1. The Comeback of the Market: Transition by Design or by Default?
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326
2. Change of Paradigms or Change of Tactics? The Economic Strategy of the Benalist Regime
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332
3. Reforming the Public Sector: The Politics of Disengagement
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340
4. Strengthening Private Business: The Politics of Industrialization
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353
5. Maintaining Social Cohesion: The Politics of Welfarism
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357
6. Emerging Market or Economic Mirage? The Ambivalent Political Economy of a Patrimonial Capitalist System
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374
IX. Enganging With Globalization: From Cold War Ally To Neo-Liberal Role Model
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374
1. Back to the Umma: The Quest fora Viable Regional Order
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380
2. From Autarky to Integration: The Globalist Turnabout of the Early 1990s
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384
3. 'Tunisia takes the Plunge'. From Marakesh to Barcelona
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400
4. 'Tunisia takes the Lead': The New International Marketing Strategies of the Ben Ali Regime
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406
5. From 'Cold War Ally' to 'Neo-Liberal Sucess Story': The Political Reconversion of a Semi-Rentier State
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420
X. Conclusion: A Case Study Of Authoritarian Modernization
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462
XI. Appendix
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462
List of Abbreviations
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468
Bibliography
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492
List Of Interviewees
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500
[Annexes]
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